Undescended Testicle in Children: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

A child’s natural curiosity often leads them to explore their surroundings and put objects in their mouth, exposing them to the risk of swallowing foreign bodies such as coins, button batteries, magnets, pins, beads, or small toy parts. 

Therefore, foreign body ingestion is considered one of the most common pediatric emergencies. These objects can become a serious threat to a child’s life if not handled quickly and professionally.  

If you notice that your child has swallowed a foreign object, go immediately to the pediatric emergency department for proper management. 

Why Is Swallowing a Foreign Object Dangerous? 

When a child swallows a foreign object, it may lodge in the esophagus, stomach, or intestines, causing blockage, perforation, or internal bleeding. 
In some cases, the object can enter the airway, leading to choking. 

Certain objects, such as button batteries, magnets, or sharp items, can cause severe internal damage like poisoning or bleeding within a short time, making these cases medical emergencies that should never be delayed. 

How Do You Know If Your Child Swallowed Something? 

It can be a frightening moment when you notice your child put something in their mouth or suspect an object is missing. Watch for these warning signs: 

Vomiting or excessive drooling 
Persistent coughing 
Chest or abdominal pain 
Difficulty swallowing or breathing 
Feeling like something is stuck in the throat 

Severe symptoms include intense pain, vomiting blood, breathing difficulty, or continuous coughing.  
If you see your child swallow an object or notice these symptoms, go to the emergency department immediately. 

At Mouwasat Hospital, our pediatric emergency department is available 24/7 with specialized teams and advanced equipment to handle these cases safely and quickly. 

Consult Pediatric Experts at Mouwasat 

What Should You Do If Your Child Swallowed a Foreign Object? 

Go to the pediatric emergency department immediately. 

Do not wait for symptoms to appear. 
Do not induce vomiting. 
Do not try to remove the object yourself, as this may cause more harm. 
What should I do if my child swallowed a coin? 

Coins are among the most commonly swallowed objects by children. Often, the coin passes through the stomach and intestines and exits naturally. However, sometimes it gets stuck in the esophagus or even the windpipe, posing serious risks such as: 

Esophageal or intestinal blockage 
Choking, especially with larger coins 

If removed by a specialist within 24 hours, permanent damage is unlikely to happen. But prolonged retention can cause serious tissue injury.  
Swallowing multiple coins containing zinc can lead to zinc poisoning, causing: 

Stomach pain 
Vomiting 
Diarrhea 
In severe cases, this can be life-threatening. 

If your child swallows a coin, do not wait for complications; head to the emergency department immediately. 

What If Your Child Swallowed a Button Battery? 

Button batteries are extremely dangerous and can cause internal burns and severe complications within hours. 

Important steps for parents before heading to the ER: 

Bring the device or packaging containing the battery to help identify its type. 
Do not allow your child to eat or drink until an X-ray confirms the battery location. 
Do not induce vomiting. 

Even if you only suspect ingestion, go to the emergency department immediately. 

What If Your Child Swallowed a Magnet? 

Small, high-powered magnets found in toys or household items can cause serious gastrointestinal injuries.  
If multiple magnets are swallowed, they can attract each other through intestinal walls, causing blockage, perforation, or tissue erosion. 
The risk is even higher if a magnet is swallowed with another metallic object like a battery. 

If you suspect your child swallowed a magnet, especially more than one, or notice symptoms like abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, or irritability, go to the emergency department immediately. 

X-rays will determine the location, and removal is usually done via endoscopy. 

What Happens If Your Child Swallows a Pin or Sharp Object? 

Sharp objects like pins or plastic fragments are among the most dangerous because they can puncture the esophagus, stomach, or intestines, leading to: 

Internal bleeding 
Severe infections or abscesses 
Intestinal blockage 
In extreme cases: peritonitis or airway obstruction 

What to do: 

Do not try to remove the pin or induce vomiting. 
Do not give food or drink. 
Go to the emergency department immediately, even if there are no symptoms. 

Most cases require endoscopic removal, and in complex situations, surgery may be necessary. 

How Are Foreign Objects Removed Endoscopically? 

Foreign objects are often removed using endoscopy, a minimally invasive procedure. 
A thin, flexible tube with a camera and light is inserted through the child’s mouth into the gastrointestinal tract.  
The doctor visualizes the object and uses tiny instruments to remove it safely while checking for any tissue damage. 

Pediatric Emergency at Al Mouwasat Hospital: Comprehensive Care 24/7 

Our pediatric emergency department is equipped with technology and a multidisciplinary team, including pediatricians, gastroenterologists, and surgeons, to ensure rapid and safe intervention for emergencies such as: 

Head injuries (falls, suspected concussion) 
Severe breathing problems (choking, asthma attacks) 
Poisoning (chemicals, medications, foreign objects) 
Severe allergic reactions 
Seizures or epilepsy episodes 
Accidents and injuries with bleeding 
Severe dehydration from vomiting or diarrhea 
High fever with loss of consciousness or meningitis signs 

Department Features: 

Advanced diagnostic imaging (X-rays, scans) 
Rapid lab testing 
Pediatric intensive care unit for critical cases 
Pediatric surgery for urgent interventions 
Flexible endoscopy for safe foreign object removal 

We guarantee advanced, fast medical care for your child 24/7, because their safety is our top priority. 

Prevention Is Better Than Cure, so keep your child’s environment safe: Remove small objects from their reach and choose age-appropriate toys without detachable parts, and supervise playtime to prevent accidents. 

Resources:

A Child Swallows an Object—Children's Health | Swallowed a Coin—Poison Control | Button Battery Ingestion—EPBA

Laparoscopic gallbladder removal is one of the most advanced surgical techniques for treating gallbladder diseases. This minimally invasive procedure removes the affected gallbladder through small incisions in the abdomen. Compared to traditional open surgery, laparoscopic surgery offers greater precision, less pain, faster recovery, and minimal scarring, making it the preferred choice for most cases. 

Mouwasat Hospital provides robot-assisted laparoscopic gallbladder removal, combining the benefits of minimally invasive surgery with the enhanced accuracy of robotic technology. 

What is Laparoscopic Gallbladder Removal? 

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the gallbladder using fine instruments and a small camera, giving the surgeon a clear view while minimizing incision size. This results in less pain and quicker recovery compared to open surgery. 

Robotic gallbladder removal is an advanced technique where the surgeon controls a robotic system with high-definition 3D imaging and enhanced magnification. This ensures maximum precision, improved safety, and better outcomes, while reducing complications. 

When Is Gallbladder Removal Necessary? 

Gallbladder removal is recommended when medical treatment is not enough. Common conditions include: 

• Gallstones causing severe pain or bile duct blockage 

• Acute or chronic gallbladder inflammation 

• Pancreatitis caused by gallstones 

• Gallbladder tumors or polyps requiring surgical removal 

In these cases, surgery is the best option to prevent complications and improve quality of life. 

Can Gallstones Be Removed Without Surgery? 

In rare cases, gallstones can be treated without removing the gallbladder using: 

• Shock wave lithotripsy to break stones into smaller pieces 

• Endoscopic removal through bile ducts 

These methods are suitable only if: 

• Stones are small 

• Gallbladder function is normal 

• Surgery is not possible due to other health issues 

However, these are temporary solutions since stones often recur and may cause complications. Laparoscopic gallbladder removal remains the safest and most effective option for permanent treatment. 

Book a consultation with general surgeons 

How is gallbladder surgery performed? 

Before surgery: 

Patients are admitted on the day of surgery or the day before 

Fasting is required as per medical instructions 

Preoperative checks are done by the care team 

During surgery: 

General anesthesia is administered so you are completely asleep and pain-free 

The procedure usually takes about one hour 

Laparoscopic steps include: 

• Small incisions in the abdomen 

• Carbon dioxide gas is introduced for better visibility 

• A camera and surgical instruments are inserted 

• The gallbladder is removed through these incisions 

• Incisions are closed with sutures and covered with dressings 

Open surgery may be necessary in complex cases such as severe infection or gallbladder rupture. Recovery after open surgery takes 4–6 weeks, compared to 1–2 weeks for laparoscopic or robotic surgery. 

Robotic Gallbladder Surgery at Mouwasat Hospital 

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery offers: 

• Smaller incisions 

• Less pain and lower infection risk 

• Faster recovery 

• Enhanced precision with 3D imaging and magnification 

This advanced technique ensures optimal safety and superior results, making it ideal for gallbladder removal. 

Book your robotic gallbladder surgery now at Mouwasat Hospital 

Recovery After Robotic Gallbladder Surgery 

• Most patients go home the same day or the next day 

• Return to work within a week, sooner for desk jobs 

• Heavy physical work may require more time 

What Happens to Your Body After Gallbladder Removal? 

The liver continues to produce bile for fat digestion, but without storage in the gallbladder, bile flows directly into the intestine. Digestion remains normal, but fat intake per meal should be moderate. Following a healthy diet is essential. 

Post-Surgery Tips 

Diet 

• Start with clear liquids and soups, then soft foods in the first week 

• Eat small, frequent meals (4–6 per day) 

• Limit fatty and fried foods; choose healthy fats like olive oil and fish 

• Add fiber gradually; avoid excess to prevent gas and bloating 

• Drink 8–10 glasses of water daily 

• Avoid caffeine, spicy foods, and alcohol 

Sleep 

• Get 8–10 hours of sleep daily for the first two weeks 

• Avoid caffeine and late-night meals 

• Take prescribed painkillers if needed 

Physical Activity 

• Begin light walking to prevent blood clots 

• Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercise for 4–6 weeks 

• Follow your doctor’s advice before driving or resuming sports 

Avoid Harmful Habits 

• Quit smoking before and after surgery 

• Avoid high-sugar diets and salty drinks to prevent swelling 

Why You Should Follow These Tips 

Adhering to these guidelines prevents complications, speeds recovery, and ensures a safe return to normal life. Proper diet, early mobility, good sleep, and wound care reduce pain, prevent infections, and improve overall healing. 

Choose Mouwasat Hospital for Advanced Gallbladder Surgery 

Mouwasat offers robotic and laparoscopic gallbladder surgery performed by highly experienced surgeons. Our advanced technology ensures precision, safety, and faster recovery for every patient. 

Why Choose Mouwasat Hospital for Gallbladder Surgery? 

 Mouwasat Hospital offers the latest surgical technologies, including laparoscopic gallbladder removal and robotic-assisted surgery, ensuring the highest levels of precision, safety, and faster recovery with minimal pain. 

Our team of highly experienced surgeons specializes in complex procedures using advanced equipment and robotic systems to deliver the best outcomes and enhance patient experience. 
If you are looking for comprehensive care, accurate follow-up, and cutting-edge techniques like robotic surgery, Mouwasat Hospital is your ideal choice for a safe and quick recovery. 

Frequently Asked Questions About Laparoscopic Gallbladder Removal 

Is laparoscopic gallbladder removal better than open surgery? 

Yes. Laparoscopic gallbladder removal is the most common and preferred option because it involves small incisions, less pain, faster recovery, and lower risk of infection and scarring. 
Most patients leave the hospital the same day or the next day and return to normal life within 1–2 weeks. 

Open surgery is only necessary for complicated cases such as severe infections or tumors. It requires a larger incision, causes more pain, and involves a longer recovery period of 4–6 weeks, with a higher risk of infection and visible scars. 

In general, if your condition allows, laparoscopic surgery is the best choice for quick recovery and minimal discomfort, while open surgery is reserved for medical necessity. 

How long does laparoscopic gallbladder surgery take? What type of anesthesia is used? 

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, so you will be completely asleep and pain-free during surgery. 
The operation usually takes about one hour, depending on your condition. Most patients are discharged the same day or the following day. 

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Please consult your doctor for personalized recommendations. 

Success Stories in Robotic Surgery at Mouwasat:

• For the first time in the private healthcare sector in the Kingdom: Successful Robotic Surgery for Uterine Fibroid and Inflamed Gallbladder at Mouwasat Hospital in Al-Khobar - Mouwasat 
• Successful Mini Gastric Bypass and Gallbladder Removal at Al-Mouwasat Hospital - Mouwasat 
• Al-Mouwasat Hospital in Al-Khobar Successfully Performs First Robotic Gallbladder Tumor Removal in the Private Sector | Mouwasat 

Resources:

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy | Gallbladder removal - NHS | Robotic Cholecystectomy - University Surgeons Associates 

Acid reflux in infants and children is one of the most common health issues during the early years of life. Many babies encounter food or milk being regurgitated back into the esophagus from the stomach, and this problem may not go away. in older children, causing concern for parents. 

In this comprehensive guide, we will cover the causes of acid reflux in babies and children, its symptoms, and the different treatment methods. We will also answer frequently asked questions such as: 

• How do I know if my child has acid reflux? 

• When does acid reflux in infants go away? 

• Is reflux in babies dangerous? 

• Is GERD surgery risky for children? 

• When is surgical intervention necessary for acid reflux? 

What Is Acid Reflux in Children? 

Acid reflux occurs when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, causing what is known as acid regurgitation. This condition can irritate the esophagus and lead to heartburn. 

Acid reflux in infants and children is common across all age groups, from newborns to older kids. However, when reflux happens frequently, it becomes a chronic condition called Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), which can cause more severe symptoms. 

Causes of Acid Reflux in Infants and Children 

When food is swallowed, it travels from the mouth to the stomach through the esophagus. A muscular valve at the lower end of the esophagus (called the lower esophageal sphincter) prevents food from flowing back. If this valve does not close properly, stomach contents can return to the esophagus. 

In infants, this muscle is underdeveloped, making reflux common. That’s why most babies spit up milk after feeding. Acid reflux usually disappears by the age of one as the muscle matures. 

However, if symptoms persist or worsen, it may indicate GERD. 

Risk Factors for GERD in Children 

• Congenital defects such as hiatal hernia, where part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm. 

• Obesity. 

• Certain medications, such as asthma drugs. 

• Exposure to secondhand smoke. 

• Previous upper abdominal surgeries. 

• Neurological disorders like cerebral palsy. 

• Genetic factors, as GERD tends to run in families. 

How Do I Know If My Child Has Acid Reflux? 

Reflux in babies and children can be mild or severe, and each has distinct symptoms: 

Symptoms of Mild Reflux in Infants 

• Spitting up small amounts of milk after feeding. 

• No impact on weight or normal growth. 

• Mild discomfort or irritability. 

• Gradual improvement as the digestive system develops. 

Symptoms of GERD (Severe Acid Reflux) 

This condition is more serious and requires medical attention. Common symptoms include: 

• Frequent nausea or vomiting after feeding or eating. 

• Regurgitation of food or milk into the mouth. 

• Heartburn or chest and abdominal pain, or pain when swallowing. 

• Chronic cough or wheezing, sometimes choking during meals. 

• Refusal to eat or eating very little. 

• Poor weight gain or weight loss. 

• Persistent hoarseness or voice changes. 

• Frequent hiccups or burping. 

If these symptoms occur repeatedly, consult a pediatrician for proper diagnosis and treatment. 

Diagnostic Tests for Acid Reflux in Children 

If symptoms are mild, tests may not be necessary. However, persistent or severe symptoms may require: 

• Barium swallow X-ray: The child drinks a liquid that shows the esophagus and stomach on X-ray. 

• Upper endoscopy: A flexible camera is inserted through the mouth to examine the esophagus, stomach, and upper intestine. 

• Esophageal pH monitoring. 

• Esophageal manometry to measure muscle pressure. 

These tests help determine the severity and guide treatment, especially if weight loss or complications occur. 

Tips to Reduce Mild Reflux in Infants and Children 

• Maintain a healthy weight if the child is overweight. 

• Wear loose clothing around the abdomen. 

• Elevate the head of the bed slightly while sleeping. 

• Avoid lying down for at least 3 hours after eating. 

• Limit sugary and spicy foods. 

• Avoid chocolate, mint, and caffeinated drinks. 

• Avoid acidic beverages like soda and orange juice. 

• Offer small, frequent meals instead of large ones. 

• Keep the child away from cigarette smoke. 

Treatment for Acid Reflux in Infants and Children 

After diagnosis, the doctor will choose the appropriate treatment based on severity: 

1. Medication (Under Medical Supervision) 

• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). 

• H2 receptor blockers. 

• Antacids when needed. 

Never use medication without a doctor’s guidance. 

2. Surgical Treatment for Acid Reflux in Children 

In severe cases that do not respond to medication, or when serious complications arise, surgery may be recommended.

When is Acid Reflux Surgery Necessary? 

• Persistent heartburn despite medication. 

• Presence of hiatal hernia or stomach twisting. 

• Esophageal narrowing or internal bleeding. 

• Failure to gain weight or poor growth. 

• Recurrent lung infections due to aspiration. 

• Chronic cough or hoarseness caused by reflux. 

Anti-Reflux Surgery for Children 

The goal is to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter to prevent food and acid from flowing back. This is an option when medications fail or complications occur. 

Types of Anti-Reflux Surgery 

Fundoplication: The most common procedure, where the upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the esophagus to reinforce the valve. 

Methods include: 

• Open surgery: A large incision in the abdomen. 

• Laparoscopic surgery: 3 to 5 small incisions using a camera. 

• Endoscopic approach: Through the mouth using special tools. 

Laparoscopic fundoplication is the most popular choice because it involves smaller incisions, less pain, faster recovery, and minimal scarring. 

Recovery After Anti-Reflux Surgery 

• Hospital stay: 2-3 days for laparoscopic surgery, up to 6 days for open surgery. 

• Start with liquids after 2 days, then gradually introduce solid foods. 

Most children recover well, but some may need additional surgery if the wrap is too tight or too loose. 

Advantages of Treating Acid Reflux in Children at Mouwasat Hospital 

The Pediatric Surgery Department at Mouwasat Hospital offers comprehensive and personalized care for children suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or cases requiring surgical intervention. The approach is holistic, starting from accurate diagnosis to post-treatment follow-up. 

Key Advantages of Acid Reflux Treatment at Mouwasat Hospital 

• Specialized Medical Team: A group of board-certified pediatric surgeons and gastroenterology consultants. 

• Child-Friendly Environment: Safe and comforting facilities with psychological support programs to reduce anxiety and enhance comfort. 

• Safe Pediatric Anesthesia Techniques: Tailored anesthesia protocols to ensure maximum safety during surgery. 

• Focus on Minimally Invasive Surgery: Procedures such as laparoscopic fundoplication to reduce pain and accelerate recovery. 

• Comprehensive Post-Surgical Care: Close monitoring in pediatric intensive care units when necessary. 

• Parental Education and Support: Ensuring parents fully understand the treatment and recovery plan. 

• Therapeutic Nutrition Programs: Designed to speed up healing and improve the child’s health after surgery. 

• Integrated Medical Departments: Collaboration between anesthesia, pediatric ICU, and neonatal units for optimal outcomes. 

FAQ About Acid Reflux in Children 

When Does Acid Reflux in Infants Go Away? 

Reflux usually improves significantly between 6 to 12 months and often disappears completely by 12 to 18 months. 

Which Foods Worsen Reflux in Infants? 

Food allergies or intolerances can increase reflux symptoms. The most common culprit is cow milk protein (not lactose), which is the leading cause of food-related reflux in infants. 

Is Acid Reflux Surgery for Children Dangerous? 

Acid reflux surgery for children is generally safe, especially when performed laparoscopically by an experienced medical team in a well-equipped hospital like Al Mouwasat. 

Potential risks are minimal and may include: 

• Rare bleeding or infection. 

• Temporary difficulty swallowing during the first few weeks. 

• Bloating or gas due to changes in stomach function. 

Disclaimer: 

The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified pediatric specialist for diagnosis and treatment. 

 

Read more: 

Umbilical Hernia in Children: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment 

Saving the Life of a Newborn with a Rare and Critical Diaphragmatic Hernia 

Resources: 

Gastroesophageal reflux disease - children: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia 

Anti-reflux surgery - children: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia 

Reflux in breastfed babies: Signs, symptoms, & treatment — TLN 

Cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common congenital birth defects. They appear as an opening or gap in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth (palate), or both, caused by incomplete fusion of facial tissues during the early weeks of pregnancy. 

This condition not only affects facial appearance but can also lead to feeding difficulties, speech problems, and breathing issues. Early diagnosis and timely medical intervention are essential for improving outcomes. 

Thanks to medical advancements, repairing and treating cleft lip and palate is now possible through specialized reconstructive surgeries and integrated treatment plans, giving children the chance to live healthy, normal lives. 

Causes of Cleft Lip and Palate in Children 

Cleft lip and palate occur when facial and oral tissues fail to fuse completely during fetal development in the first weeks of pregnancy, resulting in a gap in the upper lip or palate. 

Several factors contribute to this condition, including 

• Genetic factors: Inherited genes from one or both parents. 

• Environmental factors: Smoking, poor nutrition, or certain medications during pregnancy. 

• In some cases, the cause remains unknown. 

Types of Cleft Lip and Palate 

Cleft lip and palate are usually visible at birth, but in some cases, they can be detected during pregnancy through ultrasound. The severity and type of cleft vary: 

• Cleft lip only: A gap in the upper lip without affecting the palate. 

• Cleft palate only: A gap in the roof of the mouth without external lip involvement. 

• Combined cleft lip and palate: Both lip and palate are affected. 

• Unilateral or bilateral cleft: Occurs on one side or both sides of the lip. 

The severity ranges from a small notch in the lip to a gap extending through the lip, gum, and palate up to the base of the nose. These may occur alone or with other conditions. 

How Do Cleft Lip and Palate Affect Children? 

Children with cleft lip or palate may face several complications requiring multidisciplinary care: 

Hearing Problems 

Children with cleft palate are more prone to fluid buildup in the middle ear, leading to frequent infections and hearing loss. Hearing tests are recommended at 4 weeks, then at 12 weeks, and annually during early childhood. 

Speech and Language Issues 

The palate plays a vital role in sound formation. Children with cleft palate may struggle to pronounce certain sounds and may develop nasal speech or unusual articulation even after surgery. Speech therapy is often needed post-surgery. 

Dental and Jaw Problems 

Missing teeth, extra teeth, or misaligned teeth are common, causing crowding or shifting. A dental visit is advised when the first teeth appear or before 18 months to prepare for future orthodontic treatment. 

Feeding and Nutrition 

Infants may have difficulty breastfeeding or bottle-feeding due to the gap in the lip or palate. Special feeding bottles or guidance from a nutrition specialist may be required. 

Early Diagnosis 

Cleft lip can often be detected during pregnancy through routine ultrasound, allowing parents to plan for care and treatment early. 

Treatment for Cleft Lip and Palate in Children 

Treatment focuses on specialized reconstructive surgery, usually involving a series of carefully planned procedures to: 

• Close the gap and restore facial appearance. 

• Improve essential functions like feeding, speech, and hearing. 

• Achieve natural aesthetics with minimal scarring. 

With modern medical techniques, children who undergo comprehensive treatment programs can enjoy normal lives with restored function and appearance. 

Comprehensive Treatment Plan for Cleft Lip and Palate 

Treatment plans vary based on the size and location of the cleft and typically include: 

• Reconstructive surgeries: including cleft lip repair and cleft palate repair.

• Additional surgeries for speech improvement or cosmetic enhancement (e.g., rhinoplasty, lip reshaping, jaw surgery, dental implants) 

• Feeding support: Guidance for mothers on proper feeding positions or using special bottles. 

• Hearing care: Monitoring for middle ear infections; may require ventilation tubes or hearing aids. 

• Speech therapy: Regular sessions to ensure clear speech before school age. 

• Dental and orthodontic care: Monitoring oral health and providing braces when needed. 

Steps of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery 

The goal is to correct congenital deformities, restore speech and feeding functions, and improve facial aesthetics. 

Procedure: 

Anesthesia: General anesthesia for comfort and safety. 

Incisions:  

• Cleft lip repair: Two incisions on either side of the gap, then tissue repositioning and stitching to reshape the lip and nose. 

• Cleft palate repair: Rearranging tissues and muscles, then closing the gap in the palate for normal speech and feeding. 

Surgeries may be combined or performed separately depending on the child’s age and condition. 

Closure: Using absorbable or removable stitches. 

Outcome: Hidden scars that fade over time, giving the child a natural appearance and normal function. 

Feeding After Surgery 

After surgery, some children may struggle to return to normal feeding, while others adapt quickly. Feeding usually resumes once the child wakes up, though initial discomfort is common. 

After palate repair, sucking ability improves gradually. Parents may need to assist by gently squeezing the bottle until healing is complete. 

Tips for Feeding Post-Surgery: 

• Follow your doctor’s instructions for feeding positions and special bottles. 

• Avoid pacifiers, straws, or tools that could affect the surgical site during recovery. 

• Be patient—full recovery may take weeks, but results are worth it. 

Cleft Lip Treatment for Adults 

Adults can undergo surgeries to close the gap and reshape the lip and face for normal appearance and oral functions like speech and eating. 

• Initial surgery usually occurs in childhood. 

• Additional surgeries may be needed during adolescence or adulthood for cosmetic or functional improvements. 

• Post-surgery care may include: 

Speech therapy 

Dental and orthodontic treatment 

 

Why Choose Mouwasat Hospital for Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment? 

Mouwasat Hospital offers comprehensive, personalized care for children with cleft lip and palate through a multidisciplinary approach, from accurate diagnosis to post-treatment follow-up. 

Key Advantages: 

• Expert team of certified specialists. 

• Child-friendly environment with psychological support programs. 

• Safe, child-specific anesthesia techniques. 

• Post-surgery care in pediatric intensive care units when needed. 

• Parent education and support for complete understanding of treatment and recovery. 

At Mouwasat Hospital, we provide advanced surgical care and continuous follow-up to ensure the best outcomes for children and their families—from diagnosis to full recovery. 

FAQ About Cleft Lip and Palate in Children 

When is cleft palate surgery performed for newborns? 

A personalized surgical plan is created based on the child’s condition and the severity of the cleft. Generally, the recommended ages for surgery are 

• Cleft lip repair: Between 3 to 6 months of age. 

• Cleft palate repair: Between 6 to12 months of age. 

Who treats children with cleft lip and palate? 

Treatment is managed by a multidisciplinary medical team that provides a long-term care plan starting from birth and continuing until facial growth is complete during adolescence. 

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. 

Read also: 

Inguinal Hernia in Children: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options 

Robotic-assisted urologic surgery is one of the most advanced medical technologies, revolutionizing the treatment of urologic conditions. This approach uses a robotic surgical system controlled by the surgeon to perform procedures with exceptional precision while minimizing traditional surgical intervention.  

Robotic urologic surgery at Mouwasat Hospital combines high accuracy, reduced complications, faster recovery, and numerous success stories of procedures performed using robotic technology. 

What Is a Robotic Surgical System? 

A robotic surgical system is an advanced platform that enhances the surgeon’s capabilities through: 

• Robotic arms with flexible joints, providing a greater range of motion and precision. 

• A high-definition 3D camera (3DHD) for magnified and clear visualization of the surgical site. 

• An advanced surgeon console for complete control of instruments with unmatched accuracy. 

This technology allows surgeons to access hard-to-reach areas through tiny incisions, reducing pain, bleeding, and surgical risks. 

How Does Robotic Surgery Work? 

Robotic surgery follows the same principles as traditional surgery but with a key difference: access and precision. Instead of a large incision, robotic-assisted surgery uses small incisions only a few millimeters wide, making it a minimally invasive approach. The process includes: 

• Inserting tiny ports that act as temporary channels. 

• Attaching robotic arms to these ports and introducing microsurgical instruments. 

• Inserting a high-definition 3D camera for magnified visualization. 

• The surgeon sits at the console and uses hand controls and foot pedals to guide the robotic arms. 

• The system translates the surgeon’s movements into precise, tremor-free actions inside the patient’s body. 

• After completion, instruments are removed, and small incisions are closed with simple sutures. 

Important: The surgeon is in full control throughout the procedure. The robot is an advanced tool that provides greater precision, enhanced visualization, and access to deep anatomical areas without large incisions. 

The system consists of the surgeon console, patient cart (where robotic arms and instruments are mounted), and vision cart, which provides real-time imaging for the surgical team. This setup ensures accuracy and stability in confined anatomical spaces, making it ideal for urologic surgeries. 

Advantages of Robotic Urologic Surgery 

Robotic-assisted surgery offers significant benefits over traditional methods, including: 

• Exceptional surgical precision to minimize complications and protect surrounding tissues. 

• Magnified 3D visualization for better handling of delicate areas. 

• Lower infection risk thanks to smaller incisions. 

• Improved functional outcomes, such as nerve preservation in prostate surgery. 

For patients, these benefits translate into: 

• Smaller incisions for minimal scarring and better cosmetic results. 

• Less postoperative pain due to minimally invasive techniques. 

• Reduced blood loss, lowering the need for transfusions. 

• Faster recovery, shorter hospital stays, and quicker return to normal life. 

Conditions Treated with Robotic Surgery in Urology 

Robotic surgery is used for a wide range of urologic procedures, including: 

• Prostate cancer surgery (radical prostatectomy) with nerve-sparing techniques. 

• Selected cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). 

• Partial or total nephrectomy for kidney while preserving surrounding tissue. 

• Bladder cancer surgeries and complex bladder procedures. 

• Kidney stone removal with minimal discomfort. 

• Reconstructive procedures for urinary tract and genital abnormalities. 

• Male infertility surgeries, such as varicocele repair or vasectomy reversal. 

Note: Our robotic surgery specialists at Mouwasat Hospital will determine whether robotic-assisted surgery is suitable for your condition after a comprehensive evaluation. 

These surgeries are among the first of their kind in private hospitals in the Eastern Province, performed by the Robotic Surgery Center at Mouwasat Hospital, supported by advanced AI-driven services. 

Success Story: Robotic Prostatectomy 

Our medical team at Mouwasat Hospital in Khobar successfully performed several complex robotic-assisted radical prostatectomies for patients with advanced prostate cancer, including bladder neck reconstruction. 

This technique is currently the best option for complex cases compared to traditional open surgery or laparoscopy, offering: 

• Rapid recovery, with discharge in 1–2 days. 

• Minimal pain after surgery. 

• Reduced bleeding and smaller incisions. 

• Catheter removal within 5–10 days. 

Robotic surgery can also be used for other urologic procedures, such as partial or total kidney removal, adrenal gland surgery, bladder surgery, and ureteral reconstruction. 

Discover more success stories: Robotic-assisted tumor removal while preserving kidney function for a 60-year-old patient at Mouwasat Hospital in Khobar. 

Da Vinci Xi Robotic System at Mouwasat Hospital 

Mouwasat Hospital uses the latest generation of the da Vinci robotic surgical system, the most widely adopted multi-port robotic platform in the world. It delivers proven capabilities across a broad range of procedures in multiple specialties. 

The da Vinci robotic system at Mouwasat Hospital features advanced surgical instruments, high-definition 3D vision, and innovative technologies. These features provide exceptional flexibility, streamline instrument standardization, and enhance overall operating room efficiency. 

Pioneering Robotic Surgery in Eastern Province 

Mouwasat Hospital was the first private hospital in Eastern Province to introduce robotic surgery using the latest da Vinci Xi system, reflecting our commitment to delivering world-class healthcare through cutting-edge technology. 

Our team includes highly qualified Saudi and international experts in robotic surgery, ensuring: 

• High precision in complex procedures. 

• Better outcomes with fewer complications. 

• Safe, fast, and globally standardized treatment experience. 

Robotic surgery at Mouwasat is not limited to urology—it also covers: 

• Bariatric surgery 

• General surgery 

• Oncologic surgery 

• Colorectal surgery 

• And more advanced procedures using robotic technology. 

Additionally, Mouwasat offers other robotic systems, including those for orthopedic surgery and knee replacement, with numerous successful cases demonstrating the accuracy and efficiency of robotic technology in improving surgical outcomes. 

Book your consultation now with the specialized robotic surgery team at Mouwasat Hospital and find out if this advanced technology is the right choice for you. 

Frequently Asked Questions About Robotic Surgery 

Do robots perform surgery independently? 

No, the robotic system does not operate independently or make decisions. The surgeon is in full control throughout the procedure using a console that directs the robotic arms with extreme precision. The robot’s role is to enhance the surgeon’s capabilities by providing: 

• High-definition 3D vision for clear and magnified views. 

• Advanced wristed instruments for greater range of motion. 

• Tremor filtration for smooth and safe movements. 

Is robotic surgery new or experimental? 

No, robotic surgery is not experimental. It is a proven, advanced technology that has been successfully used worldwide for over two decades. Systems like da Vinci® are utilized in thousands of hospitals globally and are considered the gold standard for many complex procedures across multiple specialties. 

At Mouwasat Hospital, we use the latest generation of the da Vinci Xi robotic system to ensure maximum safety and precision, backed by a strong track record of successful surgeries and outstanding outcomes. 

Is robotic surgery only for complex procedures? 

No, robotic surgery is not limited to complex cases. While it is highly effective for intricate procedures such as radical prostatectomy or kidney tumor removal, it is also an excellent option for many other surgeries, including general surgery, bariatric surgery, and more. 

The key advantage of robotic-assisted surgery is its minimally invasive approach, which means: smaller incisions, less pain, faster recovery times 

Whether your procedure is simple or complex, the robotic surgery specialists at Mouwasat Hospital will determine the best approach for your condition after a thorough evaluation. 

Disclaimer: The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Please consult your physician for personalized recommendations. 

A child falling on their head is one of the most stressful situations for parents. While it’s common during different stages of childhood, whether infants or toddlers learn to walk, play, or engage in sports.  

Most head injuries are minor and don’t require panic. However, in some cases, they can be serious and lead to complications such as internal bleeding or concussion. 

Statistics show that the risk of head injuries increases as children grow older, making prompt medical intervention crucial to avoid potential dangers. 

we’ll explain the warning signs after a child falls on their head that require immediate emergency care and why you should never delay or rely solely on home observation 

Types of Head Injuries in Children 

Head injuries in children vary in severity and type. They can range from minor bruises or superficial cuts to serious conditions like skull fractures or brain injuries. Generally, head injuries include any damage to the scalp, skull, or brain. 

Most Common Types of Head Injuries in Children: 

• Bruises and Swelling: It’s normal for a child to develop a bump or swelling after a fall. These are usually minor and improve with cold compresses. However, if swelling increases, bruising appears around the eyes or behind the ears, or the child’s behavior changes, seek emergency care immediately. 

• Cuts on the Head or Scalp: If bleeding is minor and controllable, you can clean the wound at home. But if the cut is deep, bleeding doesn’t stop, or the wound is caused by a contaminated object, consult a doctor right away. 

• Skull or Facial Fractures: These often occur after severe falls or strong impacts. Any injury near or below the eye, severe swelling with pain, or loss of vision or hearing requires immediate ER attention. 

• Brain Injuries: These are serious and may involve internal bleeding or swelling, usually after major accidents like falls from height or car crashes. Symptoms include loss of consciousness, repeated vomiting, or seizures. 

• Concussion: A common mild brain injury, often caused by sports or falls. Symptoms include severe headache, dizziness, or difficulty in concentration. 

Symptoms of Head Injury in Children 

Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the injury but recognizing them helps you act quickly and protect your child. 

Signs of Mild Injury: 

• Mild headache 

• Small scalp cut 

• Swelling or bump at the site of impact 

• Sensitivity to light or sound 

• Slight dizziness or nausea 

• Ringing in the ears or loss of balance 

• Changes in sleep or concentration 

Warning Signs After a Child Falls on Their Head 

Warning signs of moderate or severe head injury include the above symptoms, plus the following. Seek medical care or go to the ER immediately if any appear: 

• Repeated vomiting 

• Severe headache that doesn’t go away 

• Loss of consciousness, even briefly 

• Slurred speech or difficulty in walking 

• Weakness in any limb 

• Extreme paleness or sweating 

• Seizures or abnormal movements 

• Blood or clear fluid from nose or ears 

• Unequal pupil size 

• Difficulty in waking up or excessive sleepiness 

Call emergency services immediately if: 

• The child does not regain consciousness or cannot be awakened 

• Seizures or abnormal movements occur 

• Breathing or swallowing becomes difficult 

• Blood or clear fluid leaks from nose or ears 

• Weakness or loss of sensation in limbs 

How to Know If Your Child Is Okay After a Fall 

• Stay calm; children sense your anxiety easily. 

• Check alertness: The child should respond to their name without confusion or slurred speech. 

• Observe movement and balance: If they can walk or sit normally without tremors or pain, that’s reassuring. 

• Inspect the body: Look for bleeding, large bruises, or injuries, especially on the head and neck. Apply pressure to any bleeding wound with a clean cloth for 5–10 minutes. 

• Monitor behavior: Normal eating, playing, and mood are good signs. 

• For infants: Ensure they feed normally without fatigue or weakness. 

• Sleep and wakefulness: Sleeping is normal, but they should wake easily when called and not be excessively drowsy. 

Is Vomiting After a Fall Dangerous? 

Repeated or persistent vomiting usually indicates a moderate or severe head injury and requires immediate medical attention.  
Important: Do not wait if vomiting is accompanied by loss of consciousness, severe headache, or other warning signs; go to the ER immediately. 

How Long Should You Monitor a Child After a Fall? When Is the Risk Over? 

Monitor the child closely for 4 to 6 hours after the fall, even if no serious symptoms appear initially. This observation period helps detect delayed signs such as severe headaches, repeated vomiting, or behavioral changes.  
If 6 hours pass without worrying about symptoms, the risk of serious injury is very low.  
However, remain vigilant for 24 to 48 hours, as some symptoms may appear later.  
Important: If any severe symptoms occur, such as loss of consciousness, extreme drowsiness, severe headache, repeated vomiting, seizures, or blood or fluid from the nose or ears, go to the ER immediately. 

Consult Pediatric Specialists at Mouwasat Hospital 

Mouwasat Hospital’s Pediatric Emergency Department provides comprehensive care 24/7. 

Our team of specialized doctors ensures rapid intervention and treatment for all emergencies. 

Examples of Cases We Handle: 

• Head injuries such as falls from height or suspected concussion 

• Severe breathing problems like choking or asthma attacks 

• Poisoning from chemicals or medications 

• Severe allergic reactions 

• Seizures or epilepsy episodes 

• Accidents and injuries with bleeding 

• Dehydration due to severe vomiting or diarrhea 

• High fever with loss of consciousness or meningitis symptoms 

Our Facilities Include: 

• Fully equipped Radiology department for accurate and fast diagnosis 

• Immediate Laboratory testing for quick results 

• Pediatric ICU for critical cases requiring close monitoring 

• Pediatric Surgery Department is involved in interfering when needed. 

Your child’s safety is our top priority. We guarantee advanced and fast medical care at all times. 

Resources: 

Head Injury in Children | HealthyChildren.org 

Head Injury in Children | Stanford Medicine Children's Health 

Vomiting With Head Trauma | American Academy of Pediatrics