Acid reflux in infants and children is one of the most common health issues during the early years of life. Many babies encounter food or milk being regurgitated back into the esophagus from the stomach, and this problem may not go away. in older children, causing concern for parents.
In this comprehensive guide, we will cover the causes of acid reflux in babies and children, its symptoms, and the different treatment methods. We will also answer frequently asked questions such as:
Acid reflux occurs when stomach contents flow back into the esophagus, the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, causing what is known as acid regurgitation. This condition can irritate the esophagus and lead to heartburn.
Acid reflux in infants and children is common across all age groups, from newborns to older kids. However, when reflux happens frequently, it becomes a chronic condition called Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), which can cause more severe symptoms.
When food is swallowed, it travels from the mouth to the stomach through the esophagus. A muscular valve at the lower end of the esophagus (called the lower esophageal sphincter) prevents food from flowing back. If this valve does not close properly, stomach contents can return to the esophagus.
In infants, this muscle is underdeveloped, making reflux common. That’s why most babies spit up milk after feeding. Acid reflux usually disappears by the age of one as the muscle matures.
However, if symptoms persist or worsen, it may indicate GERD.
Reflux in babies and children can be mild or severe, and each has distinct symptoms:
This condition is more serious and requires medical attention. Common symptoms include:
If these symptoms occur repeatedly, consult a pediatrician for proper diagnosis and treatment.
If symptoms are mild, tests may not be necessary. However, persistent or severe symptoms may require:
These tests help determine the severity and guide treatment, especially if weight loss or complications occur.
After diagnosis, the doctor will choose the appropriate treatment based on severity:
Never use medication without a doctor’s guidance.
In severe cases that do not respond to medication, or when serious complications arise, surgery may be recommended.
The goal is to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter to prevent food and acid from flowing back. This is an option when medications fail or complications occur.
Fundoplication: The most common procedure, where the upper part of the stomach is wrapped around the esophagus to reinforce the valve.
Methods include:
Laparoscopic fundoplication is the most popular choice because it involves smaller incisions, less pain, faster recovery, and minimal scarring.
Most children recover well, but some may need additional surgery if the wrap is too tight or too loose.
The Pediatric Surgery Department at Mouwasat Hospital offers comprehensive and personalized care for children suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or cases requiring surgical intervention. The approach is holistic, starting from accurate diagnosis to post-treatment follow-up.
Key Advantages of Acid Reflux Treatment at Mouwasat Hospital
Reflux usually improves significantly between 6 to 12 months and often disappears completely by 12 to 18 months.
Food allergies or intolerances can increase reflux symptoms. The most common culprit is cow milk protein (not lactose), which is the leading cause of food-related reflux in infants.
Acid reflux surgery for children is generally safe, especially when performed laparoscopically by an experienced medical team in a well-equipped hospital like Al Mouwasat.
Potential risks are minimal and may include:
Disclaimer:
The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified pediatric specialist for diagnosis and treatment.
Read more:
Umbilical Hernia in Children: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Saving the Life of a Newborn with a Rare and Critical Diaphragmatic Hernia
Resources:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease - children: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Anti-reflux surgery - children: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Reflux in breastfed babies: Signs, symptoms, & treatment — TLN